Surah Al- Baqarah is the longest Surah of the Holy Quran which is a Madani Surah. Allama Wahidi Nishapuri has written which is recited by Ikramah that the first Surah revealed in Madinah is Surah Baqarah. Surah Baqarah has 286 verses, six thousand eighty words and twenty five thousand five hundred letters.
Reasons of disclosure,p. 11)
When the Holy Prophet( PBUH) migrated and settled in Madinah, this Surah was revealed. The people then were opposed to Islam and were religiously, mentally and socially different from the people of Mecca.
Although the original occupants of Yathrib were Ansar, the power and authority was in the hands of the Jews and the Ansar were religiously and intellectually veritably told by the Jews. Because the Jews were people of the book, they had faith in disclosure, prophethood, rejuvenation, heaven, hell, etc. But unfortunately, they were intoxicated by their public superiority to such an extent that they couldn't imagine that there was any prophethood other than them. Can be given to anyone differently. virtually speaking, their modesty was similar that they didn't vacillate to deny the clear verses of the Torah and distort them for worldly gain. In these circumstances, when the Holy Prophet( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) visited Madinah and invited the Jews and Ansar to Islam.
The Jews were scarified and saw the palaces of their majesty being demolished. How could the Jews accept the call of a new runner? There were numerous mountains of obstacles in front of them. Now the task of theQur'an was to remove these obstacles and to bury these sky-high peaks, thus, several verses of the first Surah that was revealed in Madinah Tayyaba are devoted to the reformation of the Jews.
Imam Nawi narrates. numerous hadiths have been mentioned the merits of Surah Baqarah. Nawas bin Sulaiman Kalabi narrates that the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, said On the Day of rejuvenation, theQur'an and those who follow it'll be brought, before them Surah Baqarah and It'll be Surah Aal Imran. The Messenger of Allah( peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) described three exemplifications of these surahs which I haven't forgotten to thisday.However, those surahs will endorse and support their reciters, If there are two rows of tied catcalls. That is, on the Day of Judgment, AllahTa'ala will produce a critter that will be like a pall, cover or rows of catcalls and will shade those who read theQur'an and those who follow theQur'an.( Sahih Muslim)
Hazrat AbuMas'ud( RA) recited that the Messenger of Allah( PBUH) said Whoever recites the last two verses of Surah Baqarah at night, they will be sufficient for him.
Sahih Muslim,vol. 1,p. 271)
Hazrat Abu Hurairah( RA) narrates that the Messenger of Allah( PBUH) said Don't make your houses graveyards, Satan flees from the house in which Surah Baqarah is recited.( Sunan womanlike)
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